一. 過去將來時(shí)的含義

表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如：

I didn’t know if he would come.

我不知道他是否會(huì)來。

They never knew that population would become a big problem.

他們從來都不知道人口問題將會(huì)成為一個(gè)大問題。

She didn’t tell me where she would go.

她沒有告訴我她要去哪兒。

Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.

貝蒂說下周六她要去參觀長(zhǎng)城。

構(gòu)成

Structure

過去將來時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞should(第一人稱)或would(第二、三人稱)+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，過去將來時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞一律用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。

同一般將來時(shí)，把系動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)檫^去式，把will，shall變?yōu)檫^去式。句型如下：

肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be(was，were)going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

否定句：主語(yǔ)+be(was，were)not going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

疑問句：Be(Was，Were)+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

肯定句：主語(yǔ)+would(should)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

否定句：主語(yǔ)+would(should)not+動(dòng)詞原形 +其他

疑問句：Would(Should)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

二. 過去將來時(shí)的用法

(1)過去將來時(shí)(The Past Future tense)表示從過去的某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。過去將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有l(wèi)ater，soon，the next(day)等。在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不可以使用過去將來時(shí)，而應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)。

如:

would pay

He promised that heme a lot if I helpedhimwith the project.

would sit down

他答應(yīng)付給我許多錢如果我?guī)椭�他搞那個(gè)項(xiàng)目。Everytimewhenhewas free, heand readsome books.

每次只要他有空他就會(huì)坐下來看看書。

(2)表示純粹的將來時(shí)用would或should，表示打算或主觀認(rèn)為的事情用was/weregoingto(+動(dòng)詞原形)。

如:

would

She told me shebe 18 the next month.

她告訴我她下個(gè)月就18歲了。

was going to

Shetoldmethat shehave a walk with her pet dog.

她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步。

1.“would+動(dòng)詞原形”常表示主觀意愿的將來。例如：

He said he would come to see me.

他說他要來看我。

He told me he would go to Beijing.

他告訴我他將去北京。

2.“was/ were+going to+動(dòng)詞原形”常表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。例如：

She said she was going to start off at once.

她說她將立即出發(fā)。

I was told that he was going to return home.

有人告訴我他準(zhǔn)備回家。

此結(jié)構(gòu)還可表示根據(jù)某種跡象來看，很可能或即將發(fā)生的事情。例如：

It seemed as if it was going to rain.

看來好像要下雨。

3. come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來的含義。例如：

He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.

他說火車將于第二天早晨六點(diǎn)離開。

She told me she was coming to see me.

她告訴我她要來看我。

4. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中須用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。例如：

The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.

老師說，如果我不努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，就很難取得進(jìn)步。

常見考法

對(duì)于過去將來時(shí)的考查，多以單選、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)的能力。在考試中，會(huì)讓大家判斷是否該用過去將來時(shí)，以及如何正確使用。過去將來時(shí)多用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。

典型例題1：He said he some cakes for me.but now he hasn't come bake yet.

A will buy B would buy C bought D buy

解析：從后句中“現(xiàn)在他還沒回來”可知是“他過去說他將要買蛋糕給我”，相對(duì)于他說話時(shí)，買蛋糕是將要發(fā)生的事情，所以用 過去將來時(shí)would buy.

答案：B

三. 過去將來時(shí)典型錯(cuò)誤例析

1. 我們不知道他是否要在會(huì)上發(fā)言。

誤：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.

正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.

析：該句主句為過去時(shí)，且賓語(yǔ)從句表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以從句要用過去將來時(shí)態(tài)。

2. 老師問湯姆長(zhǎng)大后準(zhǔn)備干什么。

誤：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.

正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.

析：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過去時(shí)表示在過去看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

3. 他們說如果下星期天不下雨他們就去農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

誤：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.

正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.

析：在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，也常用一般過去時(shí)表示在過去看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

4. 王林打電話告訴她媽媽，她要買一些書。

誤：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.

正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.

析：過去將來時(shí)可以由“助動(dòng)詞should/would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，但should一般只用于第一人稱。而would可用于各種人稱。

誤區(qū)提醒

過去將來時(shí)是一個(gè)較為簡(jiǎn)單的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，在初中階段，要牢記住它的構(gòu)成以及用法“在賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句要表達(dá)將要發(fā)生的事情時(shí)，用過去將來時(shí)”，在考試中這一點(diǎn)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。

典型例題1：She told us she (see) a movie with us if she was free.

解析：題干的意思是“她告訴我們，如果她有空，她將會(huì)和我們一起看電影”，“看電影”還沒發(fā)生，要用將來時(shí)，而主句told是一般過去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句也要用過去時(shí)。所以用過去將來時(shí)。

答案：would see或was going to see

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